● Klein E (1904). Ein neuer tierpathogener Mikrobe-Bacillus carnis. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Parasitenkd. Infektionskr. Hyg. Abt. I 35, 459-461.
● Prévot AR (1938). Études de systématique bactérienne. Ann. Inst. Pasteur (Paris) 60, 285-307.
● Spray RS (1939). Genus II. Clostridium Prazmowski. In Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology,Edition: 5, pp. 743-790. Edited by Bergey DH,Breed RS,Murray EGD,Hitchens AP. Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Co..